Glucophage XR (Metformin sustained release) Information
Glucophage XR, which contains the active ingredient metformin hydrochloride, is an oral extended-release medication used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes. It helps lower glucose levels by enhancing the body’s ability to use insulin effectively and by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. Glucophage XR is taken once daily, and its sustained-release formulation provides smoother, more consistent blood levels throughout the day. It is commonly used alone or in combination with other diabetes medications to support long-term glucose management.
The mechanism of action of metformin involves decreasing hepatic glucose production (gluconeogenesis), improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, such as muscles, and reducing intestinal glucose absorption. These effects work together to lower fasting and post-meal blood sugar levels without stimulating insulin release, making metformin less likely to cause hypoglycemia when used alone. The extended-release formulation allows gradual drug release, which improves gastrointestinal tolerability compared with immediate-release metformin while maintaining effective glucose control.
Glucophage XR Side Effects
Glucophage XR is generally well-tolerated, but some common side effects may occur. Frequently reported effects include stomach discomfort, gas, bloating, nausea, diarrhea, and a metallic taste. These digestive symptoms are usually milder with the extended-release formulation and often improve as the body adjusts to the medication.
More serious side effects can occur and require immediate medical attention. Stop taking the medication and seek help if you experience:
• Signs of severe allergic reactions, including swelling of the face or throat, difficulty breathing, rash
• Symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as unusual tiredness, severe weakness, difficulty breathing, stomach pain, dizziness, and slow or irregular heartbeat
• Very low blood sugar, such as shaking, sweating, confusion, and a rapid heartbeat. This side effect is rare unless combined with other diabetes drugs.
• Worsening kidney symptoms, such as reduced urination, swelling, or unexpected fatigue
Glucophage XR Precautions
Do not use Glucophage XR if you are allergic to metformin or any ingredient in the medication. Before starting treatment, inform your doctor of your complete medical history. People with kidney disease, liver problems, heart failure, severe infections, dehydration, or conditions causing poor oxygen supply may require special monitoring or may not be suitable candidates for metformin. Because metformin is cleared through the kidneys, your doctor may perform periodic kidney function tests to ensure safe use.
Tell your doctor about all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medications, such as diuretics, steroids, certain blood pressure drugs, contrast dyes used in imaging procedures, and other diabetes medicines, may interact with metformin or increase the risk of side effects. Avoid alcohol, as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding. Metformin is sometimes used during pregnancy, but your doctor will determine the safest option based on your blood sugar needs. Metformin can pass into breast milk, so discuss potential risks and benefits with your doctor.
Take Glucophage XR exactly as prescribed, usually once daily with the evening meal to improve tolerability. Swallow the tablets whole. Do not crush, chew, or split them, as this affects the extended-release mechanism. You may notice an empty tablet shell in your stool. This is normal. Take the medication at the same time each day to maintain steady blood levels. Do not stop taking Glucophage XR without consulting your doctor, as blood sugar may rise quickly. Store the medication at room temperature, away from moisture, heat, and light, and keep it out of reach of children.
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