Jardiance (Empagliflozin) Information
Jardiance, which contains the active ingredient empagliflozin, is an oral medication used to improve blood sugar control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is also approved to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes and established heart disease, and to reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure, including in patients without diabetes. Jardiance works by helping the kidneys remove excess glucose through the urine, lowering blood sugar levels and reducing strain on the heart and kidneys. It is taken by mouth once daily and is commonly used as part of long-term management of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
The mechanism of action of empagliflozin involves selectively inhibiting sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) proteins in the kidneys. These transporters are responsible for reabsorbing filtered glucose back into the bloodstream. By blocking SGLT-2, empagliflozin increases urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. This process also causes mild fluid and sodium loss, which reduces kidney pressure and contributes to cardiovascular and renal protective effects. Because its glucose-lowering action does not depend on insulin, Jardiance has a low risk of hypoglycemia when used alone.
Jardiance Side Effects
Jardiance is generally well tolerated, but common side effects may occur. Commonly reported effects include increased urination, thirst, dehydration, and genital yeast infections, particularly in women and uncircumcised men. Some people may experience urinary tract infections, dizziness (especially when standing), mild nausea, or back pain.
More serious side effects can occur and require immediate medical attention. If you experience any of the following symptoms, stop taking the medication and seek urgent care:
• Kidney problems, including reduced urination, swelling, and fatigue
• Severe allergic reactions, including swelling of the face, lips, or throat, difficulty breathing
• Severe dehydration, including fainting, rapid heartbeat, and extreme dizziness
• Severe urinary tract infection, including fever, flank pain, and burning urination
• Signs of diabetic ketoacidosis, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and confusion
Jardiance Precautions
Do not use Jardiance if you are allergic to empagliflozin or any ingredient in the medication. Before starting treatment, inform your doctor of your complete medical history. People with kidney disease, low blood pressure, frequent urinary or genital infections, dehydration, severe liver disease, or a history of diabetic ketoacidosis may require closer monitoring. Jardiance is not indicated for people with type 1 diabetes. Your doctor will recommend assessing your kidney function before starting therapy and monitoring it regularly during treatment.
Tell your doctor about all medications you take, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter products, herbal supplements, and vitamins. Jardiance may interact with diuretics, insulin, sulfonylureas, blood pressure medications, and NSAIDs. Avoid alcohol because it may increase the risk of dehydration and ketoacidosis.
Inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. Jardiance is not recommended during the second and third trimesters because it may affect fetal kidney development. It is also generally avoided during breastfeeding, as it may pass into breast milk and affect kidney function in infants.
Take Jardiance exactly as prescribed, usually once daily in the morning, with or without food. Take it at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels. Maintain adequate hydration, especially during hot weather or illness. Do not stop taking Jardiance without consulting your doctor, as stopping may worsen blood sugar control or heart failure symptoms. Store the medication at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, and keep it out of reach of children.
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