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Xyzal Information

Xyzal (levocetirizine) is a second-generation antihistamine used to relieve the symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, a runny and itchy nose, and watery eyes. It is also indicated for the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives) and the associated itching. Levocetirizine is a metabolite of the popular second-generation antihistamine, cetirizine. It is the active enantiomer, or the pharmacologically active form, of cetirizine, meaning it is the part of the molecule that is responsible for the medication's effects. Because it is a purified form, it is highly potent, providing effective relief with a lower dose.

The mechanism of action for levocetirizine involves the selective blocking of the histamine H1 receptor. Histamine is a key chemical released by the body during an allergic reaction, and its interaction with H1 receptors is responsible for the classic symptoms of allergies. By blocking these receptors, Xyzal prevents histamine from triggering the allergic response, thereby reducing inflammation and symptoms. It has a very high affinity for the H1 receptor and a rapid onset of action, with effects often noticed within one hour. Because it is a second-generation antihistamine, it does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier at therapeutic doses, which is why it causes significantly less sedation than first-generation antihistamines like diphenhydramine.

In Canada, Xyzal is available over-the-counter in various formulations, including tablets and oral solutions. The standard dose for adults and children 12 years of age and older is 5 mg once daily, typically taken in the evening. For children aged 6 to 11, the dose is 2.5 mg once daily. Taking it in the evening is recommended due to the potential for mild drowsiness in some individuals. It provides 24-hour relief, making a once-daily dose convenient for most patients. It can be taken with or without food, as food does not significantly impact its absorption or effectiveness.

Xyzal Side Effects

While Xyzal is generally well-tolerated, some individuals may still experience side effects. The most common side effects reported are often mild and include headache, dizziness, and mild drowsiness or fatigue. Other less common side effects can include dry mouth, stomach pain, or a sore throat. These effects are usually temporary and may go away as your body adjusts to the medication. However, more serious side effects can occur, although they are rare. If you experience any of the following, you should stop taking the medication and seek immediate medical attention:

• Paradoxical Central Nervous System Effects: While rare, some individuals may experience a paradoxical reaction to levocetirizine, which can lead to restlessness, agitation, or irritability, particularly in children. In some cases, this may be accompanied by vivid dreams or nightmares.

• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Though rare, a severe allergic reaction to Xyzal is possible. Symptoms of a severe allergic reaction may include a rash, hives, swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, and difficulty breathing.

• Severe Drowsiness: Although marketed as non-drowsy, some individuals, especially at higher doses or when combined with other central nervous system depressants, may experience significant and incapacitating drowsiness. This can be dangerous when driving or operating machinery.

• Urinary Retention and Other Rare Effects: Although rare, levocetirizine can cause urinary retention, particularly in individuals with pre-existing conditions that affect urination. Rare cases of severe hepatobiliary disorders (liver issues) have also been reported.

Xyzal Precautions

Before taking Xyzal, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider, especially if you have a history of kidney or liver disease, as a lower dose may be necessary. The product monograph recommends a lower dose for individuals with moderate to severe renal impairment. It contraindicates its use in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or on hemodialysis. While generally considered non-drowsy, some individuals may still experience dizziness or drowsiness. It is essential to know how the medication affects you before driving or operating heavy machinery, as impaired mental alertness is a possibility. Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants, such as sedatives or tranquillizers, can increase the sedative effects of Xyzal, so concurrent use should be avoided. The drug should be used with caution in patients with a predisposition to urinary retention. If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should discuss the use of Xyzal with your doctor. The official product monograph recommends avoiding use during the first trimester of pregnancy and while breastfeeding unless the benefits outweigh the potential risks. Xyzal is approved for use in adults and children 6 years of age and older. It is not recommended for children under 6 years of age unless directed by a healthcare professional. You should also be cautious if you have a known allergy to any of its ingredients or to cetirizine, as levocetirizine is the active enantiomer of cetirizine.

Do I need a prescription to order Xyzal?

Yes, a prescription is required from your physician to order Xyzal.